THE MEANING AND EXPERIENCE OF MOUNTAINEERING
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Mountaineering refers to a sports activity where athletes climb from low altitude terrain to high altitude peaks with bare hands or specialized equipment under specific requirements. Mountaineering can be divided into mountaineering adventure (also called mountain adventure), competitive climbing (including rock climbing, ice climbing, etc.) and fitness climbing. Human life, production and labor practice are the basis and origin of sports, as is Mountaineering.
Climbing comes from the practice of people's daily life and production labor. There are mountains in many parts of the world, and almost all countries on the earth have mountains. As the saying goes, "depending on the mountain, depending on the water", people who live on the mountain or in the place near the mountain for a long time obtain various means of life and Means of production by means of cutting firewood, hunting, logging and digging wild fruits, wild vegetables, medicinal materials and minerals. In ancient times, when floods flooded, people went up the mountains to avoid them. When tribes, nations and countries appeared in human society, people often went up the mountain to avoid the invading enemy or hit the enemy against the mountain. After the formation of commodity exchange, people caught up with horses and crossed mountains to exchange goods, culture, and art with foreign tribes.
The entire human life is closely related to mountains, and mountaineering has continuously developed as a result. There are also many traditional customs of mountaineering in China. For example, people use climbing on Double Ninth Festival on September 9 to carry out fitness activities and tourism activities. Many literati also love to visit: mountaineering to enjoy the grand spectacle of "meeting the top of the mountain and seeing the small mountains". In order to reach the summit, people fully utilized their intelligence: before 1786, some people had used specialized equipment such as mountain pickaxes and ropes, and mastered knowledge related to avalanches, rolling stones, ice avalanches, and hypoxia in high mountains. After the formation of specialized mountaineering techniques and equipment, mountaineering gradually separated from travel activities and became an independent sports event. The use of mountaineering as a specialized sport began in the late 18th century.
Experience in Mountain Climbing
- Exercise well
It is necessary to do some Warming up before climbing if the mountain you climb is relatively high or you seldom participate in climbing sports. Use 10-20 minutes to do some muscle stretching exercises and try to relax the muscles throughout the body, so that climbing will feel much easier.
- Increase bounce
When climbing upwards, intentionally adding some jumping movements in each step not only saves effort, but also makes people appear energetic and full of vitality.
- Don't always look high
When climbing, do not always look up, especially at the beginning of the climb, because your legs are not yet accustomed to the climbing movements, and looking up often creates a sense of fatigue. Generally speaking, when climbing upwards, it is best to keep your gaze three or five meters in front of you. If the mountain path is steep, you can climb in a "Z" shape, which is more labor-saving.
- Divert attention
Don't always think about how high the mountain is and how much time it will take to climb it when climbing. Don't panic or rush, just walk and stop to experience the joy of mountain climbing and not miss the beautiful scenery. When tired, you can watch the surrounding scenery more, sing and divert your attention, and fatigue will be reduced.
- Relax down the mountain
When going down the mountain, you must control your steps and not rush too fast, as it can easily cause injuries. At the same time, pay attention to relaxing the muscles in the knee area. Tensioning too tightly can generate significant pressure on the leg joints, causing muscle fatigue.
- Danger in the mountains
Among the various adverse natural phenomena encountered during peak climbing, those that may suddenly pose a threat to personal safety are referred to as mountain hazards. Its characteristic is high destructive power, sudden occurrence, once encountered, unprepared, and even life-threatening. In order to prevent hazards caused by mountain hazards, it is necessary to master and identify the causes, changes, and display characteristics of mountain hazards.
The continuous accumulation of snow on the slope of an avalanche, which slides and collapses due to loss of balance, is called an avalanche (Figure 1). Avalanches are divided into wet avalanches (block avalanches) and dry avalanches (powder avalanches). The accumulation of snow in a wet avalanche, due to its long accumulation time, forms a hard shell through repeated melting and freezing of the snow layer, which breaks into blocks when it collapses. The snow layer in a dry avalanche is loose and powdery when it collapses. An avalanche may kill or bury people, suffocate them, or carry them down cracks or valleys. Wet avalanches are more harmful than dry avalanches.
